this thesis covers problem-based learning both in theory and in practice . in chapter 1, this thesis articulates problem-based learning in detail from the perspectives of definition, essential characteristics, comparison with other instructional models, instructional values, basic procedures and instruction ideas within it . problem based learning is a method of engaging the student in complicated and meaningful situations that students work in small groups and learn the science knowledge from the problems through resolving complex . real-world or authentic problems together 基于問題的學(xué)習(xí)也譯作“基于問題式學(xué)習(xí)”(problem-basedlearning,簡(jiǎn)稱pbl),是指把學(xué)習(xí)設(shè)置于復(fù)雜的、有意義的問題情境中,通過讓學(xué)生以小組合作的形式共同解決復(fù)雜的、實(shí)際的(real-world)或真實(shí)性(authentic)問題,來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)隱含于問題背后的科學(xué)知識(shí),形成解決問題的能力,并發(fā)展自主學(xué)習(xí)和終生學(xué)習(xí)的能力。